专八词汇和考研词汇|专四专八考研词汇辨析大总结

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专四专八考研词汇辨析大总结

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area 地带，地区
解析：【同】district，zone，region
【辨析】area表示面积，地区（面积较大，但不指行政单位）如the area of your hand；
region指在地理上有天然界限或有自己特色的一个单位，或自治区等行政单位，也可指领域（同sphere，realm）；
district性质较region相近，但一般比region小，如县级区用district ；
zone是个环绕区域，有严格的边界，如经济特区
a recreation area 重新改建的地区
tropical regions of South America 南美的热带地区
a residential zone 居住区

assessment 评估，估算，评价
解析：动词assess
【同】estimate, appraise, assess, evaluate这些词都表示对客体的重要性形成定论
estimate暗示评价的主观性和不精确
appraise 表示专业水准的评估 ,名词appraisal
assess 表示为确定某物的应税价值而作出的权威估价
evaluate 表示在确定价值时经过了深思熟虑，不一定是金钱价值

assume 假定, 设想，担任; 承担; 接受
解析：【同】suppose
【辨析】suppose最不正式，表示根据一定证据作出的见解，assume用于逻辑推理，强调一种缺乏证据的结论，以检验某种建议。

benefit n.利益, 好处;vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益
解析：【同】profit advantage interest
【辨析】advantage指有利条件，优势 take advantage of
benefit兼指物质及精神的好处
profit指利润
interest指利息

context n.上下文, 文章的前后关系
解析：注意它常用比喻的意思，表示语境或环境。
context-dependent adj. 随上下文决定的，与上下文有关的
context-free adj. 与上下文无关的，注意free的否定含义,如alcohol-free
context-sensitive adj.上下文有关的

create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成
解析：【同】compose, invent, design, produce, manufacture, make都含“创造”的意思。
create指“有目的地把原材料制成新产品”; 也指“ 创造出原来不存在或与众不同的事物”, Creator 指创造者，上帝，如:
We"ve created a beautiful new building from out of an old ruin.
我们从废墟上创建了一幢漂亮的新楼。
compose 指“ 创作(诗、画、音乐或文章等)”com是在一起，pose指放置 如:
The poet composed a new poem.
这位诗人创作了一首新诗。
design 指“制作某物之前深思熟虑地构思”, 如:
It was he that designed the garden.
这个花园是他设计的。
invent指“通过想象、研究、劳动, 创造出前所未有的东西”, 尤指“科技上的发明创造”, 如:
Edison invented the light bulb.
爱迪生发明了电灯炮。
make是最常用词, 指“用劳动地任何制造、生产、形成或组成”, 如:
All kinds of precision machine tools are made in this factory.
这家工厂制造各种精密机床。
manufacture 指大规模的制造生产，manu指手，fact 表示构造 如：
Shoes have been manufactured in this town for centuries.
produce指“通过劳动加工而生产产品”, 尤指“工农业产品”, 如:
We must produce more food for ourselves and import less.
我们必须增产食品, 减少进口。
重音在第一个音节时意思是农产品。
production, productive power, productivity

definition n.定义, 解说
解析：【衍】define 定义 definite确定的 indefinite无限的，不定的

derived vt.得自vi.起源
解析：derive itself from由...而来, 源出
derive knowledge from books从书中获得知识
Many English words are derived from Latin.许多英语词汇源于拉丁文。
【衍】derivation n.
注意deprive,deride，不要混淆。常用过去分词。

economic adj.经济(上)的, 产供销的, 经济学的
解析：She let her house at an economic rent.
她以合算的方式把房子租出去。
economical a.指节俭的
economic sanction经济制裁
economic reckoning经济核算
economic strike经济性罢工(为提高工资, 缩短工作时间, 改良工作环境而罢工)go on a strike
economic structure经济结构

environmental adj.周围的, 环境的
解析：【衍】environment 环境
【同】surroundings, vicinity
environment 指人与自然界生存的环境,或是某种比喻的环境；
surroundings指围绕着某物的周遭环境，注意是复数；
vicinity指近处的范围，in the vicinity of。

established adj.已制定的, 确定的
解析：【衍】establish
【同】build, construct, erect, found, set up
【辨析】辨析同义词可以由它们所带的宾语反推出其区别。
build一般指建立,修建,常带house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等;
construct指用各种材料建成一个整体,着重构筑,书面语;
erect指竖立,有一定高度;
establish有稳固建成的意思,常带school, reputation, government等;
set up着重开始的意思,如monument, school，set up 着重开始，草创。

evidence n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, 【物】证据, 证物
解析：It was early, and few pedestrians were in evidence on the city streets.
天还早,街上的几个行人清晰可见。
【衍】evident
【同】distinct, obvious, apparent, clear, plain
【辨析】evident总包含一定的迹象。
It"s evident that someone has been here.很明显有人来过.
distinct 指轮廓或意义清晰,不需费力就可看出
Though they talked in a low voice, they could be heard distinctly.
虽然他们低声谈话,还是可以很清楚地听到。
obvious常指欲掩弥彰,非常清楚，常有反面含义。
apparent表示根据迹象进行推理,得出明显的结论。
clear的根本意思是 “清” 不但有清晰之义,还有流畅,清澈的意思, 如clear water;clean指“洁"。
plain暗示因为浅显而清楚。

factors n.因素,要素,因数
解析：【同】element, ingredient,
【辨析】factor具有数学及解析意味,是一个整体的成分；
element强调这一部分是基础性的,不可或缺的，如元素；
ingredient只是表明构成一种混合物的的成分。

income n.收入
解析：【同】salary, wage, pay
【辨析】income常指定期的收入；
salary指脑力劳动者的收入,因其来源于salt,古罗马支付文官的方式之一；
wage指体力劳动者的工资；
pay指军饷。

indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明
解析：【衍】indicator n.指示器,indicative 显示的
【同】 suggest, imply, denote
【辨析】indicate表示词语或符号可以清楚明白的显示内容；
suggest则表示通过词语或符号暗示内容；
imply表示这种暗示更复杂，来自ply层次，故此是有一定结构的复杂，名词implication；
denote特指一个词的字面意义，比较正式，多用于论文中。

interpretation n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译
解析：【同】translation
【辨析】translation指笔译或翻译的泛称
interpretation一般指口译或解读

issues n.出版, 发行, (报刊等)期、号, 论点, 问题, 结果, (水, 血等的)流出 vi.发行, 流出, 造成...结果, 进行辩护, 传下 vt.使流出, 放出, 发行(钞票等), 发布(命令), 出版(书等)发给; 【律】子女, 后嗣
解析：还有offspring ,descendent也表示后代
at issue待解决的；争议中的
an issue of magazine一份杂志

legal adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法的
解析：【同】lawful, legitimate
【辨析】lawful指一定的控制，强制行为具有法律依据。如；lawful arrest依法逮捕；
legal意思同lawful，但通常用于法令，较正式；
legitimate表示法律承认习惯已认可的。如legitimate son 婚生子illegitimate；
legislation n.立法，法律的制定(或通过)，参照分类词典里的词汇。

method n.方法
解析：【同】 manner, mode, way
【辨析】这些词都表示方法,method尤指有次序的,有计划的方法，较正式。
manner强调的是行动或步骤的具个性和独特性的方法。
She has a precise, clearly articulated manner of speaking.
她说话用词精确，表达清楚。
mode通常指由传统或习俗影响或引起的行事方法。
A nomadic mode of life was typical of many peoples of the Great Plains.
way最为普通，口语化。
That"s the way I"m. 我就是这样。

period n.时期, 学时, 节, 句点, 周期, （妇女的）经期；adj.过去某段时期的
解析：【衍】periodical 期刊，如monthly, weekly, daily等
【同】age, epoch, era
【辨析】age通常具有某种显著特征,也指考古学上的时代;
epoch指发生重大事件的时代;
era强调整个历程;
period指一般时间,可长可短。

response n.回答, 响应, 反应
解析：call forth no response in sb"s breast 在某人心中不起反应
in response to 响应, 反应
make no response 不回答(常指前面有刺激或呼吁)
【同】reply,answer
【辨析】answer指针对另一行为的回应，因而介词用to，如：the answer to the question
What you have done will be answered. 你会遭报应的。
reply 指对他人的陈述或问题给予回答，通常用reply to。
response 指对刺激的回应，也指对紧迫或指定问题的回答。

specific n.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的,效的; 【生物】种的
解析：【同】definite, explicit
【辨析】definite是唯一能具有选择性的明确意见，不是a就是b；
explicit必须是语言的，强调所有细节的清楚；
specific指偏重于正确的描述而不做评价。

affect vt.影响, 感动, 侵袭, 假装
解析：注意词形的区别
【同】affect, influence, impress, touch, move, strike 这些词都表示产生某种情感或精神上的影响。
influence暗含对他人感情，思想以及行为的控制及左右的程度；
Humanity is profoundly influenced by what you do.(John Paul II).你的所做所为深刻地影响人类（约翰保罗二世）。
impress是指产生一种显著的，深刻的，通常是持久的效果；
The Tibetan landscape particularly impressed him.
西藏的风光给他留下了非同寻常的印象。
touch通常指激起一种温柔的反应，例如爱，感激或激情；
The tributes were fitting and touching.
“颂辞恰如其分，感人至深。”（丹尼尔.卡里亚哥）。
move暗指深刻的情感效果，有时导致行动或具有进一步后果；
The account of her experiences as a refugee moved us to tears.
她的难民经历的描述感动得我们热泪盈眶。
strike暗含对刺激反应的强烈感情或心理力量，来自打击的根本含义；
I was struck by the sudden change in his behavior.
我对他行为的突变而感到震惊。
affect通常指感情方面, affect 的宾语是物时，它包含着足以引起反应的刺激，有时包含一定的改变。
The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health.
天气稍有变化就会影响她那脆弱而娇嫩的身体。

appropriate adj.适当的 vt.占用, 据为己有; 盗用, 挪用
解析：He appropriated public funds for his own private use.
他挪用公款。
A dirty face is not appropriate for the school photograph.
脸脏了不适合照学生像。
【同】fit, suitable, apt, proper
【辨析】appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合，地位等。强调自然具备适宜的性质；
fit意为某人或某物在目的上用途上适合；
suitable意味着适合某种情况；
apt含有能动意味；
proper含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义，还表示某物具有它应当具备的性质。

assistance n.协助, 援助, 补助
解析：external assistance外来援助；对外援助
judicial assistance司法协助
non-reimbursable assistance无偿援助
【同】help, aid
【辨析】help最不正式,特指靠本身力量无法解决的，迫切需要的帮助；
aid正式些；
assistance最正式，来自assist，只表示起到辅助作用。

conclusion n.结束, 缔结, 结论
解析：in conclusion最后，总之
bring a matter to a speedy conclusion使事情迅速结束
the conclusion of a peace treaty缔结和约
conclusion of business成交
a foregone conclusion早已确定的事，必然的结果，毫无疑问的事
arrive at(come to, draw, reach) a conclusion得出结论，告一段落
at the conclusion of当...完结时
bring to a conclusion使结束；谈定（买卖等）
come to the conclusion that... 所得结论是…， 断定
draw the conclusion得出结论，推断
leap (jump) to a conclusion冒然断定，过早下结论
try conclusions with和...决最后胜负，争（最后）优劣；试验

conclusion n.结束, 缔结, 结论
解析：in conclusion最后，总之
bring a matter to a speedy conclusion使事情迅速结束
the conclusion of a peace treaty缔结和约
conclusion of business成交
a foregone conclusion早已确定的事，必然的结果，毫无疑问的事
arrive at(come to, draw, reach) a conclusion得出结论，告一段落
at the conclusion of当...完结时
bring to a conclusion使结束；谈定（买卖等）
come to the conclusion that... 所得结论是…， 断定
draw the conclusion得出结论，推断
leap (jump) to a conclusion冒然断定，过早下结论
try conclusions with和...决最后胜负，争（最后）优劣；试验

conduct n.行为, 操行 v.引导, 管理, 为人, 传导
解析：a theory of conduct品行论
a bad conduct恶劣行为
infamous conduct违反职业道德的行为(特指医生)
safe conduct(战时)通行证
under the conduct of在...指导［管理］下
His conduct of the business was very successful.
他的事业进展得相当顺利。

consequences n.结果, 【逻】推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要的地位
解析：answer for the consequences对后果负责
as a consequence因而，结果
face the consequences of one"s action自食其果
in consequence因此，结果
in consequence of...的结果，因为...的缘故，由于
of consequence有势力的；重要的
take the consequences自食其果，承担责任
take upon oneself the consequences自己承担后果
without negative consequence没有副作用
without reflecting on the consequences不顾后果

construction n.建筑, 建筑物, 解释, 造句
解析：construction of the four -modernizations四个现代化建设
an object of simple construction简单结构的物体
construction industry建筑工业，行业
a very solid construction特别坚固的建筑物
bear a construction可解释为；可作某一解释
可参见STRUCT 条

consumer n.消费者
解析：【衍】consume vt.消耗, 消费, 消灭, 大吃大喝, 吸引vi.消灭, 毁灭
be consumed with (giving lessons) 因...而变得憔悴，给...弄得心劳神疲
consume away消耗掉；憔悴；枯萎凋谢

credit n.信任, 信用, 声望, 荣誉,【财务】贷方, 银行存款;vt.相信, 信任, 把...归给
解析：（常与to, with连用）存入（账户）
Please credit my account with $1000.
请将1000美元存入我的帐户。
add to one"s credit增加荣誉为某人增光
crack credit 失信用
do sb. credit 为某人增光；证明某人具有某种才能或品质
get (take) credit for 因…而得到好评
give credit to 相信，信任；称赞，赞扬
give sb. credit for sth. 为…赞扬(肯定)某人认为某人具有(某种品德、才能等)
have credit with sb. 得到某人的信任
have the credit of 有…的好名声
lend credit to 使更可信；证实
look for credit 力求出人头地
lose credit with sb. 失去某人的信任；在某人眼中失去威信
on credit 赊(购)
place credit in 相信
redound to one"s (sb."s) credit 为自己(某人)增光
reflect credit on 为…增光，使…光荣；使...感到光荣
take credit to oneself for 把…归功于自己，自称(某事)是自己干的
to sb."s credit 值得赞扬；对某人有利 在某人贷方；属于某人；使某人感到光荣
credit goes to 归功于
credit ...to... 把…归功于；把某数记入某人账户
credit sb.(sth.) with 认为某人(某事)具有…

cultural adj.文化的
解析：custom 表示风俗习惯

design n.设计, 图案, 花样, 企图, 图谋, (小说等的)构思, 纲要; v.设计, 计划, 谋划, 构思
解析：by design故意地，蓄意地
have (harbor) designs on (against) 对…抱不良企图；图谋加害于；企图盗窃(某物)
design sb. (sth.) for (to be) 打算让某人从事(某种职业)；预定某物作(某种用途)

distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫
解析：a distinction without a difference名义上的区别，人为的区别
confer a distinction on (upon) sb. 授与某人勋章(称号)
draw (make) a distinction between对…加以区别
gain (attain, win) distinction出名
graduate from college with distinction以优异成绩毕业
rise to distinction出名
serve with distinction in the war立下战功
win a distinction for因…而获功勋；荣获勋章(或称号)
with distinction以优异的成绩；以杰出的表现
without distinction无差别地，一视同仁地

【同】difference, unlikeness, divergence, variation, distinction, discrepancy
【辨析】difference最为普通
differences in color and size 颜色和尺寸间的差别；
dissimilarity是指在其它方面很相似或非常类似的事物间的差异；
a striking dissimilarity between the personalities of the sisters
姐妹间个性的显著差异。
unlikeness usually implies greater and more obvious difference
unlikeness经常暗含着较大和较明显的差别；
more likeness than unlikeness among children of that age.
那个年龄的孩子们间的相似远多于差异。
divergence是指原本相似的事物间逐渐增加的差异；
points of divergence between British and American English英语和美语间的不同点

variation指相同等级或种类的差异，通常指原始的、指定的或典型的事物的变更；
variations in temperature 温度的变化
distinction通常的意思为相似的或相关的事物间的细节差异，只能通过仔细的检查才能确定的；
the distinction in meaning between Good and Excellent “好的”和“出色”两词的词义差别。
discrenpancy是指本应一致或匹配的事物，因意外条件而不一致，造成了事物间的差异。
a discrepancy between what was promised and what was done 所说的和所做的之间的差异

elements n.原理, 基础;【pl】; 要素, 元素, 成分, 元件, 自然环境
解析：注意：常用复数
alien class elements阶级异己分子
an element of一点点; 少许
be in one"s element< lang="EN-US>," size="3>处于适宜的环境处于不适宜的环境, 不得其所, 格格不入, 外行
reduce ... to its elements把...分析出来
the elements大自然的力量(风、雷、雨等) 基本原理, 基础, 入门

【同】component, constituent, ingredient
【辨析】element系常用词, 可用于物质的、非物质的、有形的或无形的东西, 适用于“一物的任一部分”, 如:
Words are the elements of a sentence.词是句子的组成部分。
component指“一物的组成部分”,如:
A chemist can seperate a medicine into its components.
化学家能把一种药物的各种成分分解出来。
constituent指“一事物的一组成部分”, 还可指“以之形成一复杂事物的整体”, 如
There are three great constituents of modern education - the classics, modern history and literature, and science.
现代教育有三大内容 - 古典文学、现代历史和文学、以及自然科学。
ingredient 常指“混合在一起准备做食物的配料、成分”如:
the ingredients of ice cream冰淇淋的各种

equation n.相等, 平衡, 综合体, 因素, 方程式, 等式

evaluation n.估价, 评价, 赋值
解析：注意来自value
辨析见assessment条

side by side 并排, 并肩
learn ... by heart 用心学习
combine ... with ... 与...结合
in that circumstances 如果是那样的话
replace ... with ... 用...代替...
keep a record of 记录
comments on ... 关于...的意见
at least 至少来源：
speak about 谈及
expect of/from... 从...当中期待
in return 作为回报
the survey on ... 关于...的调查
differ in... 在...不同
emerge from... 从...出现
be satisfied with...
play ... roles 扮演...的角色
lean over... 弯下身子 俯身于...之上
turn out 结果是，证明是
in silence 在沉默中
burst into laughter 突然笑出声来
concentrate on ... 全神贯注于...
be replaced by 被...所取代
for the purpose of... 为了..., 因...起见
distinguish ... from ... 区分...与...
communicate with... 与...交流
one another 彼此，相互
by means of... 用...的方法
at the approach of... 在...快到的时候
differ from... 与...不同
for instance 举例来说
divide ... into ... 把...分成...
enable sb. to do ... 使某人能够做某事
wave goodbye 挥别
in sympathy with 同情 赞成 和...一致
look over 察看, 检查
a lack of... 缺少...
check with... 与...协商
tend to do... 趋向于做...，喜欢做...
call after 追喊, 以...命名
call for 要求, 提倡
fight against 与...作战（敌人之间）
fight with 与...作战（战友之间）
agreement on ... 关于...达成的协议
add up 合计
add to 增加
take ... for example
in price 在价格上
in the long run 从长远来看，最后
on offer 在出售中
choose from... 从...中挑选
be curious about... 对...感到好奇
confront with... 使面临, 使面对
with interest 有兴趣地
an average of ... 平均是...
at high altitudes 在很高的地方
draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
focus on 集中考试大论坛
in years to come 在未来的几年内
as a matter of fact 实际上
adopt a positive approach 采取一种正确的方法
wait for 等待
pass through 经过, 通过
a sequence of 一系列的
set apart from 把...区分开
take ... for granted 以...为骄傲
be aware of/that 注意到
translate into 翻译成
set in 开始
intend to do 想要做
looking forward to 期望
be built from... 用...去建造
a wide variety of 很多的
at advanced levels 在高级范围内
carry out 完成，实施
according to 根据
aim to do 指望做某事
make sacrifices to do 做出牺牲而做
in depth 深入地

新整理的有用词组~

a series of 一系列,一连串
above all 首先,尤其是
after all 毕竟,究竟
ahead of 在...之前
ahead of time 提前
all at once 突然,同时
all but 几乎;除了...都
all of a sudden 突然
all over 遍及
all over again 再一次,重新
all the time 一直,始终
all the same 仍然,照样的
as regards 关于,至于
anything but 根本不
as a matter of fact 实际上
apart from 除...外(有/无)
as a rule 通常,照例
as a result(of) 因此,由于
as far as ...be concerned 就...而言
as far as 远至,到...程度
as for 至于,关于
as follows 如下
as if 好像,仿怫
as good as 和...几乎一样
as usual 像平常一样,照例
as to 至于,关于
all right 令人满意的;可以
as well 同样,也,还
as well as 除...外(也),即...又
aside from 除...外(还有)
at a loss 茫然,不知所措
at a time 一次,每次
at all 丝毫(不),一点也不
at all costs 不惜一切代价
at all events 不管怎样,无论如何
at all times 随时,总是
at any rate 无论如何,至少
at best 充其量,至多
at first 最初,起先
at first sight 乍一看,初看起来
at hand 在手边,在附近
at heart 内心里,本质上
at home 在家,在国内
at intervals 不时,每隔...
at large 大多数,未被捕获的
at least 至少
at last 终于
at length 最终,终于
at most 至多,不超过
at no time 从不,决不
by accident 偶然
at one time 曾经,一度;同时
at present 目前,现在
at sb"s disposal 任...处理
at the cost of 以...为代价
at the mercy of 任凭...摆布
at the moment 此刻,目前
at this rate 照此速度
at times 有时,间或
back and forth 来回地,反复地
back of 在...后面
before long 不久以后
beside point 离题的,不相干的
beyond question 毫无疑问
by air 通过航空途径
by all means 尽一切办法,务必
by and by 不久,迟早
by chance 偶然,碰巧
by far 最,...得多
by hand 用手,用体力
by itself 自动地,独自地
by means of 用,依靠
by mistake 错误地,无意地
by no means 决不,并没有
by oneself 单独地,独自地
by reason of 由于
by the way 顺便说说
by virtue of 借助,由于
by way of 经由,通过...方法
due to 由于,因为
each other 互相
even if/though 即使,虽然
ever so 非常,极其
every now and then 时而,偶尔
every other 每隔一个的
except for 除了...外
face to face 面对面地
far from 远非,远离
for ever 永远
for good 永久地
for the better 好转
for the moment 暂时,目前
for the present 暂时,目前
for the sake of 为了,为了...的利益
for the time being 暂时,眼下
from time to time 有时,不时
hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切关联
head on 迎面地,正面的
heart and soul 全心全意地
how about ...怎么样
in a hurry 匆忙,急于
in case of 假如,防备
in a moment 立刻,一会儿
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in a way 在某种程度上
in a word 简言之,总之
in accordance with 与...一致,按照
in addition 另外,加之
in addition to 除...之外(还)
in advance 预先,事先
in all 总共,合计
in any case 无论如何
in any event 无论如何
in brief 简单地说
in charge of 负责,总管
in common 共用的,共有的
in consequence(of) 因此;由于
in debt 欠债,欠情
in detail 详细地
in difficulty 处境困难
in effect 实际上,事实上
in general 一般来说,大体上
in favor of 支持,赞成
in front of 面对,在...前
in half 成两半
in hand 在进行中,待办理
in honor of 为庆祝,为纪念
in itself 本质上,就其本身而言
in line with 与...一致
in memory of 纪念
in no case 决不
in no time 立即,马上
in no way 决不
in order 按顺序,按次序
in other words 换句话说
in part 部分地
in particular 特别,尤其
in person 亲自,本人
in place 在合适的位置
in place of 代替,取代,交换
in practice 在实践中,实际上
in proportion to 与...成比例
in public 公开地,当众
in quantity 大量
in question 正在谈论的
in regard to 关于,至于
in relation to 关于,涉及
in return 作为报答/回报/交换
in return for 作为对...报答
in short 简言之,总之
in sight 被见到;在望
in spite of 尽管
in step 齐步,合拍
in step with 与...一致/协调
in tears 流着泪,在哭着
in the course of 在...期间/过程中
in the distance 在远处
in the end 最后,终于
in the event of 如果...发生,万一
in the face of 即使;在...面前
in the first place 首先
in the future 在未来
in the least 丝毫,一点
in (the)light of 鉴于,由于
in the way 挡道
in the world 究竟,到底
in time 及时
in touch 联系,接触
in turn 依次,轮流;转而
in vain 徒劳,白费力
instead of 代替,而不是
just now 眼下;刚才
little by little 逐渐地
lots of 许多
many a 许多
more or less 或多或少,有点
next door 隔壁的,在隔壁
no doubt 无疑地
no less than 不少于...;不亚于...
no longer 不再
no more 不再
no more than 至多,同...一样不
none other than 不是别的,正是
on one"s guard 警惕,提防
nothing but 只有,只不过
now and then 时而,偶尔
off and on 断断续续,间歇地
off duty 下班
on a large/small scale 大/小规模地
on account of 由于
on(an/the) average 平均,通常
on behalf of 代表
on board 在船(车/飞机)上
on business 因公
on condition that 如果
on duty 上班,值班
on earth 究竟,到底
on fire 起火着火
on foot 步行,
on guard 站岗,值班
on hand 在场,在手边
on occasion(s) 有时,间或
on one"s own 独立,独自
on purpose 故意地
on sale 出售,廉价出售
on schedule 按时间表,准时
on second thoughts 经重新考虑
on the contrary 正相反
on the grounds of 根据,以...为由
on (the) one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
on the point of 即将...的时刻
on the road 在旅途中
on the side 作为兼职/副 业
on the spot 在场;马上
on the whole 总的来说,大体上
on time 准时
once again 再一次
once(and)for all 一劳永逸地
once in a while 偶尔
once more 再一次
once upon a time 从前
one another 相互
or else 否则,要不然
or so 大约,左右
other than 非;除了
out of 从...中;由于;缺乏
out of breath 喘不过气来
out of control 失去控制
out of date 过时的
out of doors 在户外
out of order 出故障的
out of place 不适当的
out of practice 久不练习,荒疏
out of sight 看不见,在视野外
out of the question 毫无可能的
out of touch 不联系,不接触
over and over(again) 一再地,再三地
prior at 在...之前
quite a few 相当多,不少
rather than 不是...(而是)
regardless of 不顾,不惜
right away 立即,马上
side by side 肩并肩,一起
so far 迄今为止
sooner or later 迟早,早晚
step by step 逐步地
such as 例如,诸如
thanks to 由于,多亏
that is (to say) 就是说,即
to the point 切中要害,切题
under control 处于控制之下
under the circumstances 这种情况下
up to date 在进行中
up to 多达;直到;胜任;取决于
what if 切合目前情况的
what about 怎么样
with respect to 如果...将怎么样
with regard to 关于,至于
without question 关于,至于,
with the exception of 除...之外
without question 毫无疑问
wo rd for word 逐字的

lover 情人（不是“爱人”）
　　　　busboy 餐馆勤杂工（不是“公汽售票员”）
　　　　busybody 爱管闲事的人（不是“大忙人”）
　　　　dry goods （美）纺织品；（英）谷物（不是“干货”）
　　　　heartman 换心人（不是“有心人”）
　　　　mad doctor 精神病科医生（不是“发疯的医生”）
　　　　eleventh hour 最后时刻（不是“十一点”）
　　　　blind date （由第三者安排的）男女初次会面（并非“盲目约会”或“瞎约会”）
　　　　dead president 美钞（上印有总统头像）（并非“死了的总统”）
　　　　personal remark 人身攻击（不是“个人评论”）
　　　　sweet water 淡水（不是“糖水”或“甜水”）
　　　　confidence man 骗子（不是“信得过的人”）
　　　　criminal lawyer 刑事律师（不是“犯罪的律师”）
　　　　service station 加油站（不是“服务站”）
　　　　rest room 厕所（不是“休息室”）
　　　　dressing room 化妆室（不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”）
　　　　sporting house 妓院（不是“体育室”）
　　　　horse sense 常识（不是“马的感觉”）
　　　　capital idea 好主意（不是“资本主义思想”）
　　　　familiar talk 庸俗的交谈（不是“熟悉的谈话”）
　　　　black tea 红茶（不是“黑茶”）
　　　　black art 妖术（不是“黑色艺术”）
　　　　black stranger 完全陌生的人（不是“陌生的黑人”）
　　　　white coal （作动力来源用的）水（不是“白煤”）
　　　　white man 忠实可靠的人（不是“皮肤白的人”）
　　　　yellow book 黄皮书（法国政府报告书，以黄纸为封）（不是“黄色书籍”）
　　　　red tape 官僚习气（不是“红色带子”）
　　　　green hand 新手（不是“绿手”）
　　　　blue stocking 女学者、女才子（不是“蓝色长统袜”）
　　　　China policy 对华政策（不是“中国政策”）
　　　　Chinese dragon 麒麟（不是“中国龙”）
　　　　American beauty 红蔷薇（不是“美国美女”）
　　　　English disease 软骨病（不是“英国病”）
　　　　Indian summer 愉快宁静的晚年（不是“印度的夏日”）
　　　　Greek gift 害人的礼品（不是“希腊礼物”）
　　　　Spanish athlete 吹牛的人（不是“西班牙运动员”）
　　　　French chalk 滑石粉（不是“法国粉笔”） rd for word 逐字的

word/media/image1.pngan apple of love，是常见的 西红柿，不是“爱情之果”　　　　
2.成语类

　　　　pull one"s leg 开玩笑（不是“拉后腿”）
　　　　in one"s birthday suit 赤身裸体（不是“穿着生日礼服”）
　　　　eat one"s words 收回前言（不是“食言”）
　　　　an apple of love 西红柿（不是“爱情之果”）
　　　　handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆（不是“大字报”）
　　　　bring down the house 博得全场喝彩（不是“推倒房子”）
　　　　have a fit 勃然大怒（不是“试穿”）
　　　　make one"s hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然—恐惧（不是“令人发指——气愤”）
　　　　be taken in 受骗，上当（不是“被接纳”）
　　　　think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己（不是“为自己想得很多”）
　　　　pull up one"s socks 鼓起勇气（不是“提上袜子”）
　　　　have the heart to do （用于否定句）忍心做……不是“有心做”或“有意做”）
3.表达方式类
　　　　
                Look out! 当心！（不是“向外看”）
　　　　What a shame! 多可惜！真遗憾！（不是“多可耻”）
　　　　You don"t say! 是吗！（不是“你别说”）
　　　　You can say that again! 说得好！（不是“你可以再说一遍”）
　　　　I haven"t slept better. 我睡得好极了。（不是“我从未睡过好觉”）
　　　　You can"t be too careful in your work. 你工作越仔细越好。（不是“你工作不能太仔细”）
　　　　It has been 4 years since I smoked. 我戒烟４年了。（不是“我抽烟4年了”）
　　　　All his friends did not turn up. 他的朋友没全到。（不是“他的朋友全没到”）
　　　　People will be long forgetting her. 人们在很长时间内会记住她的。（不是“人们会永远忘记她”）
　　　　He was only too pleased to let them go. 他很乐意让他们走。（不是“他太高兴了，不愿让他们走”）
　　　　It can"t be less interesting. 它无聊极了。（不是“它不可能没有趣”） word/media/image1.png

Voa

tax - n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the
government can provide services 　税
technical - ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry,
transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or
thing 技术的 ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.") 　
technology - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and
services 　技术
telescope - n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger 　　望远镜
temporary - ad. lasting only a short time 　暂时的
tense - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm 　紧张的
territory - n. a large area of land 　领地
terror - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear 恐怖行动
terrorist - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way
to influence a government 　 恐怖主义者
theory - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something
happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven 理论 ("Other scientists
are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.")
threaten - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage 　威胁
torture - v. to cause severe pain 折磨 ; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from 　折磨，拷打
trade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services 交易 ; n. the activity of buying,
selling or exchanging products or services 　贸易
tradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time 　传统
traffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or
waterway 　交通
tragic - ad. extremely sad; terrible 　悲剧的
transport - v. to move goods or people from one place to another 　运输
transportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or people 　交通
treason - n. the act of fighting against one"s own country or of helping its enemies 　叛国罪
treasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value 财宝
treaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nations 　协定
trial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is
true 　审判
tribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader 　部族
trick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do
something 　诡计
troops - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group 军队
truce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved 休战　
tube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long,
thin container in which they can be kept 　管道

U
unite - v. to join together 　联合
universe - n. all of space, including planets and stars 宇宙
unless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless the rain
stops.") 除非
urge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something 敦促
urgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or action 　紧急的

V
valley - n. a long area of land between higher areas of land 山谷
value - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money
that could be received if something is sold 　价值
vehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported,
especially anything on wheels; a car or truck 　交通工具
version - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms 版本
veto - v. to reject or refuse to approve 　否决
vicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate 　恶意的
victim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone
who is tricked 　牺牲品
violate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement) 　违反
violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage 　暴力
volcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth"s surface that can explode,
sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air 　火山
vote - v. to choose a candidate in an election 选举 ; n. a choice or decision expressed by
the voice, by hand or by writing 选举
　
W
wages - n. money received for work done 工资
warn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that
may happen 　警告
wealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value 财富
wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain 　小麦
willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about the
problem.") 　心甘情愿的
withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove 撤退
wonder - v. to ask oneself; to question 想知道 ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a feeling of
surprise 　惊奇
wreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy 毁坏 ; n. anything that has been badly damaged
or broken 毁灭
wreckage - n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed 残骸

quality - n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality of steel 　
is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their goods are of the highest quality.") 质量

R
race - v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can move fastest 竞赛 ; n. one of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a common physical similarity, such as skin color 种族
radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects
that may be too far away to be seen 　雷达
radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy
from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous 　辐射
raid - v. to make a sudden attack 袭击 ; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or
for the purpose of seizing or stealing something 突袭
realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are 　现实的
reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to
compromise 　合理的
rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey 反抗 ;
n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country 造反者
recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce
less and many workers lose their jobs 衰退
recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known
about or seen before 识别 ; to accept another nation as independent and establish
diplomatic ties with its government 承认
reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better
condition 　改革
refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment,
danger or war 　难民
reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe 　反对
relations - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family;
people connected by marriage or family ties 　关系
release - v. to free; to permit to go 释放 ; to permit to be known or made public 发布
religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods 　宗教
remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same 保留
remains - n. a dead body 　遗体
report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation 报道 ; n. the story
about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the
facts may not be confirmed 　报道
represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an
example 　代表
repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force 　压制
request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for 　要求
require - v. to need or demand as necessary 　需要
rescue - v. to free from danger or evil 　拯救
research - n. a careful study to discover correct information 　研究
resign - v. to leave a position, job or office 　辞职
resist - v. to oppose 反对 ; to fight to prevent 反抗
resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually
reached by voting 　决议
resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold 　资源
responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the
report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.") 　有责任的
restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group 　抑制
restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger 　限制
revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government 　反抗
riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place 骚乱 ; n. a violent action
by a large group of people 　暴乱　
risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury 　风险
rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal 　抢夺
rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning
gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a
weapon 　火箭，导弹
rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing 　摩擦
ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy 　毁坏
rule - v. to govern or control; to decide 统治 ; n. a statement or an order that says how
something must be done 　规则

S
sabotage - v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation 　
("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.")
sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or
another person 　牺牲
satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object
placed in orbit around the earth 　卫星
satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded 使满意
security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to
protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.") 　安全
Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries,
such as in the United States Congress 　参议院　
severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage 　 严重的
shell - v. to fire artillery 炮轰 ; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and
explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover 　炮弹
shelter - v. to protect or give protection to 庇护 ; n. something that gives protection; a
place of safety 　庇护所
shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value 　缩减
skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal
positions 　骷髅
slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface 　滑行
smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with
force 　　打碎
spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident 　溢出
spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and
emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death 　精神
split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts 　分裂
spy - v. to steal or get information secretly 侦察 ; n. one who watches others secretly; a
person employed by a government to get secret information about another country 间谍
square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides 　四方型
stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon 刺伤
starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food 挨饿
statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood
or metal 　塑像
storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow 　风暴
straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns 　直接的
stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider 伸展
strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more
pay or to make other demands 　罢工
structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is
formed or organized in a special way; a building 　结构
struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with 挣扎 ; n. a great effort; a fight 奋斗
submarine - n. an underwater ship 　潜艇
substance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas) 　物质
substitute - v. to put or use in place of another 替换 ; n. a person or thing put or used in
place of another 　替换者（品）
subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government,
usually secretly 　颠覆
succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result 成功
suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness 受苦
suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider 　建议
supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others 　监督
supply - v. to give; to provide 供给 ; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold
to others 　供给品
support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others
and help them reach a goal; to approve 支持
suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine 假设 ("I suppose you are right."); to expect ("It
is supposed to rain tonight.") 　
suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from
being known publicly 　压制
surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a trade
surplus. It exports more than it imports.") 　过剩
surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one"s property to another or others; to
stop fighting and admit defeat 　投降
survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation 　幸存
suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal 怀疑 ;
n. a person believed to be guilty 　嫌疑犯
suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time 　延缓
swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth 吞咽
swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out
the duties of that office 宣誓就职 ("The chief justice will swear in the president.") 　
sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness 　同情

jail - n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those serving sentences 　
for crimes that are not serious 监狱
joint - ad. shared by two or more 　共同的
jury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial 　陪审团
just - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after the
present ("He just left.") 刚才 ; at the same time 同时 ("He left just as I came in."); what is
right or fair 公正的 ("The law is just, in my opinion.")

K
kidnap - v. to seize and take away by force 　绑架
knowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understanding 知识

L
labor - n. work; workers as a group 劳动力
laboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done 实验室
lack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having 　缺乏
launch - v. to put into operation; to begin 开办 ; to send into the air or space 发射
leak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole (usually a gas
or liquid) 　漏
legal - ad. of or in agreement with the law 　合法的
legislature - n. a government lawmaking group 　立法机构
liberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change 　自由主义的
lightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm 　闪电
link - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation between
two or more things, situations or events 　联系
literature - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a country 　文学
load - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container 装载 . that which is carried 负荷
loan - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest payments; 借款
local - ad. about or having to do with one place 本地的
loyal - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something 　忠诚的

M
majority - n. the greater number; more than half 　多数
manufacture - v. to make goods in large amounts 　制造
march - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group to
protest about something 　游行
market - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic
system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are and how
much money people are willing to pay for them 　市场
mass - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large size 大量事物
mate - v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature 　使配对
mathematics - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained
by numbers and signs 　数学
mayor - n. the chief official of a city or town government 　市长
measure - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something 测量 . an action taken 措施　 a legislative proposal 议案
media - n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, television and
radio 　媒体
melt - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it 　融化
member - n. one of a group 　成员
memorial - n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event 　纪念的
mental - ad. about or having to do with the mind 　精神的
mercy - n. kindness toward those who should be punished; the power to be kind or
to pardon 　仁慈
message - n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to
another person or group 　消息
metal - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold 金属
method - n. the way something is done 　方法
microscope - n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be
studied 　显微镜
militant - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of
force or violence 　斗士
military - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed forces 　军方
mineral - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal
or salt 　矿物
minister - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime minister,"
"foreign minister") 　部长
minor - ad. small in size; of little importance 　少数的
minority - n. the smaller number; opposite majority 　少数
missile - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes
when it reaches its target 　导弹
missing - ad. lost; not found 　遗失的
mob - n. a large group of wild or angry people 　暴徒
moderate - ad. not extreme 　温和的
moral - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone"s actions 　道德的
motion - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place 　运动，动作
mourn - v. to express or feel sadness 　哀悼
mystery - n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret 　　　 神秘事物
　
N
natural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind 　自然的
navy - n. the part of a country"s military force trained to fight at sea 　海军
negotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution 　商议
neutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute 　 中立的
nominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person
for an office or position 　 提名
nowhere - ad. not in, to or at any place 到处都没有
nuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them
together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms 核的

O
obey - v. to act as one is ordered to act 遵从
object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest 反对 ; n. something not
alive that can be seen or touched 　物体
observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They
will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.") 　观察
occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force 　占领
offensive - n. a military campaign of attack 攻击 ; ad. having to do with attacking 攻击性的
offer - v. to present or propose 提供 ; n. the act of presenting or proposing 提议 ; that which is presented or proposed 　提供物
officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a
member of a police force 　武官
official - n. a person with power in an orgaization; a representative of an
organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government
or someone in power 　文官
operate - v. to do work or a job 执行 ; to cut into the body for medical reasons 手术
opinion - n. a belief based on one"s own ideas and thinking 　意见
oppose - v. to be against; to fight against 　反对
opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from ; exactly the other way
("North is the opposite direction from south.") 　相反的
oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or
power 压迫
orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object 绕轨道而行 ; n. the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet 　轨道
oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force 　剥夺
overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force 　推翻
owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received 　欠

word/media/image1.png听力中级：VOA特别英语1500词汇 2

Byron    发表于2010年07月01日 16:27 阅读(7) 评论(0) 分类： 个人日记

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A.
accept - v. to agree to receive 　接受
accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event 　事故
accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement
against someone 　指责
activist - n. one who seeks change through action 激进分子
administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a
president or prime minister 　政府
admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one"s guilt or
responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") 　承认
adult - n. a grown person 　成人
advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision 　建议
affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer"s
performance.") 　影响
agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United
Nations") 　机构
aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country"s
borders 　侵略
agriculture - n. farming 　农业
air force - n. a military organization using airplanes 空军

album - n. a collection of recorded music 歌集

alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in
industrial products 　酒精

ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose 联合体
ambassador - n. a nation"s highest diplomatic representative (to another
government) 　大使
amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) 　修正
ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns 　弹药
anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness 　无政府状态
ancestor - n. a family member from the past 　祖先
ancient - ad. very old; long ago 　远古的
anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the
past 周年
announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially 　宣布
apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts
responsibility 　致歉
appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on
somebody for help 　上诉；呼吁
appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem 　出现
appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") 　任命
approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support 　赞成
archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities 考古学
argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree 　争论
arms - n. military equipment; weapons 　兵器
arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner 　逮捕
artillery - n. big guns 　炮
assist - v. to help 　帮助
astronaut - n. a person who travels in space 　宇航员
astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe 　天文学
asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another
country 　政治庇护
atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet 　大气层
attach - v. to tie together; to connect 　系上；连接
attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight 　袭击
attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort 　尝试
attend - v. to be present at 　出席
automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car 　汽车
average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal 　平均，平常
avoid - v. to stay away from 　避免
award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service 　奖励


B

balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal 平衡

balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter
than air 气球

ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting 选票

ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction 禁止
bar - v. to prevent or block 　禁止，阻碍
barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult 障碍
base - n. a military center 军营 ; v. to establish as a fact 基于 ("Her research was based on
experiments.") 　
battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces 　战斗
beat - v. to hit again and again 　击打
betray - v. to turn against; to be false to 背叛
bill - n. a legislative proposal 　议案
biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms 　生物学
blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible 　责备
block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement 　堵塞，阻碍
bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force 炸弹 ; v. to attack or destroy with
bombs 炸弹袭击
border - n. a dividing line between nations 边界
boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with 　联合抵制
brief - ad. short; not long 　简短的
broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio
or television program 　 广播
brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee 褐色的
budget - n. a spending plan 　预算
bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun 子弹
burst - v. to break open suddenly 　爆裂
business - n. one"s work; buying and selling to earn money; trade 　工作，商业

C
cabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government 内阁
camp - n. a place with temporary housing 　露营
campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from
voters; a connected series of military actions during a war 　活动
cancel - v. to end; to stop 　取消
cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the
body 　癌症
candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor 候选人
capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and
services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies 资本主义
capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get
control of 捕获
case (court) - n. a legal action 　案例
case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox
at the school.") 　病例
cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result 　导致
ceasefire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement 　停火协议
celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities 　庆祝
ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition 　仪式
chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group 　主席
champion - n. the best; the winner 　冠军
charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime 控诉 ; n. a statement in
which someone is accused of something 指控
chase - v. to run or go after someone or something 　追逐
cheer - v. to shout approval or praise 　欢呼
chemicals - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the
science of chemistry 　化学物质
chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they
act under different conditions, and how they form other substances 　化学
chief - n. the head or leader of a group 首领 ; ad. leading; most important 主要的
civilian - ad. not military 平民
civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of
a nation 公民权力
claim - v. to say something as a fact 声明
clash - n. a battle 冲突 ; v. to fight or oppose 发生冲突
clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization 　神职人员
climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place 　气候
coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel 　煤
coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together 　联盟
coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean 　海岸
colony - n. land controlled by another country or government 　殖民地
combine - v. to mix or bring together 　联合，结合
command - v. to order; to have power over something 　命令
comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something 　评论
committee - n. a group of people given special work 　委员会
communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information 　交流，通信
community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area 　社区
compare - v. to examine what is different or similar 　对比
compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others 　竞争
complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple 复杂的
compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept
less than first demanded 　折衷
concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about") ; v. to fear ("to be
concerned") 关注，关心
condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad 遣责
condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement 条件 ; a person"s
health 身体状况
conference - n. a meeting 会议
confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true 确定
conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one 　冲突
congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck 祝贺
Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United
States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in
other countries 　议会
conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change 　保守派
constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation"s system of
government 宪法
contain - v. to hold; to include 　包容
container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something 容器
continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world 　大陆
control - v. to direct; to have power over 　控制
convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose 　大会
cooperate - v. to act or work together 　合作
court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law 　法院
crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force 　碰撞，坠毁
create - v. to make; to give life or form to 　创造
creature - n. any living being; any animal or human 　生物
credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time 　信用
crew - n. a group of people working together 　全体人员
crime - n. an act that violates a law 　罪行
criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime 　罪犯
crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or
worse; a dangerous situation 　危机
criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to
judge 　批评
crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place 　人群
crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely 　压碎
curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses 　戒严
current - n. movement of air, water or electricity 水流，电流 ; ad. belonging to the present time 目前的 ("She found the report in a current publication.") 　
custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people 　习惯，风俗
customs - n. taxes on imports 　入关税

D
dam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water 大坝
damage - v. to cause injury or destruction 摧毁 ; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things 毁坏
deaf - ad. not able to hear 　聋的
debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument 　争论
debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing 　债务
declare - v. to say; to make a statement 　声明
decrease - v. to make less in size or amount 　降低
defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having
lost 　打败
defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect 防卫
deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or
imports are greater than exports 　赤字
define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain 　定义
delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late 　延迟
delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another 　代表
demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force 　要求
democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or
to make other important decisions 　民主
demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd
demonstrated in support of human rights.") 示威 ; to explain by using examples ("The
teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") 示范
denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely 　谴责
deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request 　否认
depend - v. to need help and support 　依靠
deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness 　表示悲痛
deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action 　部署（军队）
depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic
activity during which many people lose their jobs 　衰退
describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something 　描述
design - v. to plan or create plans for 　设计
desire - v. to want very much; to wish for 　愿望
destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of 　摧毁
develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress 　发展
device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose 设备
dictator - n. a ruler with complete power 　独裁者
diet - n. usual daily food and drink 　日常饮食
diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another
government 　外交官
direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way 指引 ("He directed me to the theater."); ad.
straight to something; not through some other person or thing 直接的 ("The path is
direct.") 　
direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came
from or went to 　方向
dirt - n. earth or soil 　泥土
disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist 　消失
disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb
harmless by removing its exploding device 　解除武装
discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas 　讨论
disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria 　疾病
dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider 　解散
dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate 　争论
dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government 　不同政见者
document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or
support of something 　文件
drown - v. to die under water 　溺水
drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance
used to ease pain or to affect the mind 　药品
dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air 灰尘
　
　
E
earn - v. to be paid in return for work done 　获得
earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth"s surface 　地震
ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult 减轻
ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and
material things 　环境
economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized 经济
edge - n. the line where something ends or begins 边缘
effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious
effect on the economy.") 效果
effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something 努力
elect - v. to choose by voting 　选举
electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light,
and power to machines 电力
embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants 大使馆
emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action 紧急情况
emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness 感情
employ - v. to give work in return for wages 　雇佣
energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and
willingness to be active 　能量
enforce - v. to make something be done 　强制执行
engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work 引擎
engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads 　　 工程师
environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life;
the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals 　环境
equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights 　对等的
equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity 　设备
escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of 　逃离
especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") 　特别是
establish - v. to bring into existence; to create 建立
estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than
complete information 　估计
ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race,
religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived 种族的
evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas 　蒸发
evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing 　证据
evil - ad. not good; extremely bad 　邪恶的
examine - v. to study closely 　审视，察看
exchange - v. to trade 交易 ; to give or receive one thing for another 　交换
execute - v. to kill 　处死
exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel 驱逐 ; n. a person who is
forced to leave his or her country 被驱逐者
exist - v. to be; to live 　存在
expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger 扩张
expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event 期望
expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away 　驱逐，开除
experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition 经历 ("She experienced
great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through 经历 ("The experience
caused her great pain.") 　
experiment - v. to test 做实验 ; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or
false, or to discover something 　实验
expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training 　专家
explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb 爆炸
explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to
make a careful search; to examine closely 探索
export - v. to send to another country 出口 ; n. something sent to another country, usually
for sale 出口商品
express - v. to say clearly 表达
extend - v. to stretch out in area or length 扩展 ; to continue for a longer time 延长
extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted 　极端的
extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an
extreme or violent way 极端主义者

表示“上升”的动词 表示“下降”的动词
　　rise上升 fall下降
　　jump跳升 drop下落
　　skyrocket爆涨 dump狂泻
　　surge急涨 plunge猛跌
　　soar剧增 retreat回落
　　climb攀升 dive下跌
　　spurt突升 tumble急落
　　advance上涨 decline下降
　　inch up缓升 slip下滑
　　notch up升高 shed跌落
　　fly飞升 dip下降
　　rebound反弹 roll back回落
　　gain增长 lose降低

Mature, dynamic and honest．思想成熟、精明能干、为人诚实。

　　Excellent ability of systematical management．有极强的系统管理能力。

　　Ability to work independently, mature and resourceful．能够独立工作、思想成熟、应变能力强。

　　A person with ability plus flexibility should apply.需要有能力及适应力强的人。

　　A stable personality and high sense of responsibility are desirable.个性稳重、具高度责任感。

　　Work well with a multi-cultural and diverse work force.能够在不同文化和工作人员的背景下出色地工作。

　　Bright, aggressive applicants.反应快、有进取心的应聘者。

　　Ambitious attitude essential．有雄心壮志。

　　Initiative, independent and good communication skill．积极主动、独立工作能力强，并有良好的交际技能。

　　Willing to work under pressure with leardership quality．愿意在压力下工作，并具领导素质。

　　Willing to assume responsibilities. 应聘者须勇于挑重担。

　　Mature, self-motivated and strong interpersonal skills. 思想成熟、上进心强，并具极丰富的人际关系技巧。

　　Energetic, fashion-minded person. 精力旺盛、思想新潮。

　　With a pleasant mature attitude. 开朗成熟。

　　Strong determination to succeed. 有获得成功的坚定决心。

　　Strong leadership skills. 有极强的领导艺术。

　　Ability to work well with others. 能够同他人一道很好地工作。

　　Highly-motivated and reliable person with excellent health and pleasant personality. 上进心强又可靠者，并且身体健康、性格开朗。

　　The ability to initiate and operate independently. 有创业能力，并能独立地从业。

　　Strong leadership skill while possessing a great team spirit. 有很高的领导艺术和很强的集体精神。

　　Be highly organized and effecient. 工作很有条理，办事效率高。

　　Willing to learn and progress. 肯学习进取。

　　Good presentation skills. 有良好的表达能力。

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