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2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题及参考答案
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第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.
A. inflexible B. general C. complex D. direct
2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
A. turned dead B. passed by C. carried away D. become extinct
3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A. shorten B. end C. start D. resume
4. Three world-class tennis players came to content for this title.
A. argue B. claim C. wish D. compete
5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.
A. simple B. reliable C. effective D. alternative
6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.
A. moral B. regular C. fundamental D. hard
7. The drinking water has became contaminated with lead.
A. polluted B. treated C. tested D. corrupted
8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A. shut B. set C. break D. beat
9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.
A. wiped B. injected C. produced D. removed
10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.
A. existence B. importance C. cause D. situation
11. The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.
A. unknown B. unusual C. undamaged D. unstable
12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.
A. doubtful B. untouched C. certain D. silent
13. The proposal was endorsed the majority of members.
A. rejected B. submitted C. considered D. approved
14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A. send B. spread C. hear D. confirm
15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A. naked B. cautious C. blind D. private
参考答案： 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.B
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Mau Piailug, Ocean Navigator
16. At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Mau could not afford a compass or charts.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Mau learnt navigation skills from his grandfather.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Mau used stones to memories where the stars were situated in the sky.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. The first inhabitants of Hawaii could read and write.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Mau expected his students to remember the positions of the stars immediately.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
参考答案： 16 A 17 B 18 C 19 A 20 A 21 C 22 B
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Traffic Jams—No End in Sight
1 Traffic congestion(拥堵)affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters (通勤人员) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.
2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.
3 Another way to reduce rush—hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.
4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.
5 Other, more forward—thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some$7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the$50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.
23. Paragraph 1________
24. Paragraph 2________
25. Paragraph 3________
26. Paragraph 4________
A Not doing enough
B A global problem
C Changing work practice
D A solution which is no solution
E Paying to get in
F Closing city centres to traffic
27. Most American drivers think it convenient to______.
28. If charged high enough, some drivers may______ to enter certain parts of town.
29. Building more roads is not an effective way to______.
30. The U. S. government has planned to ______ updating public-transport systems.
A go by bus
B encourage more private cars
C drive around
D spend more money
E reduce traffic jams
F travel regularly
参考答案：23 A 24 E 25 C 26 D 27 C 28 A 29 E 30 D
第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Making a Loss is the Height of Fashion
Given that a good year in the haute couture(高级定制女装)business is one where you lose even more money than usual, the prevailing mood in Paris last week was sensational. The big-name designers were falling over themselves to boast of how many outfits they had sold at below cost price, and how this proved that the fashion business was healthier than ever. Jean—Paul Gaultier reported record sales. “But we don’t make any money out of it”, the designer assured journalists backstage. “No matter how successful you are, you can’t make a profit from couture,” explained Jean—Jacques Picart, a veteran fashion PR man, and co—founder of the now—bankrupt Lacroix house.
Almost 20 years have passed since the unusual economics of the couture business were first exposed. Outraged that he was Losing money on evening dresses costing tens of thousands of pounds, the couturier Jean-Louis Scherrer published of his costs. One outfit he described curtained over half a mile of gold thread 1 8, 000sequins(亮片), and had required hundreds of hours of hand—stitching in an atelier(制作室). A fair price would have been~50, 000, but the couturier could only get~35, 000 for it. Rather than riding high on the foolishness of the super—rich, he and his team could barely feed their hungry families.
The result was an outcry and the first of a series of government-and industry—sponsored inquiries into the surreal(超现实的)world of ultimate fashion. The trade continues to insist that couture offers you more than you pay for, but it’s not as simple as that. When such a temple of old wealth starts talking about value for money, it isn’t to convince anyone that dresses costing as much as houses are a bargain. Rather, it is to preserve the peculiar mystique(神秘), lucrative(利润丰厚的)associations and threatened interests that couture represents.
Essentially, the arguments couldn’t be simpler. On one side are those who say that the business will die if it doesn’t change. On the other are those who say it will die if it is highly dated. Huge in its costs, tiny in its clientele and questionable in its influence, it still remains one of the great themes of Parisian life. In his book, The Fashion Conspiracy, Nicholas Coleridge estimates that the entire couture industry rests on the whims(一时兴起)of less than 30 immensely wealthy women, and although the number may have grown in recent years with the new prosperity of
Asia, the number of couture customers worldwide is no more than 4.000.
To qualify as couture, a garment must be entirely handmade by one of the 11 Paris couture houses registered to the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture. Each house must employ at least 20 people. and show a minimum of 75 new designs a year. So far, so traditional. But the Big Four operators——Chanel, Dior, Givenchy and Gaultier—increasingly use couture as a marketing device for their far more profitable ready—to—wear, fragrance and accessory lines.
31. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. The haute couture business is expanding quickly.
B. The haute couture designers make much profit in their sales.
C. The haute couture businessmen are happy with their profit.
D. The haute couture designers claim losses in their sales.
32. According to the second paragraph, Jean-Louis Scherrer_____.
A. was in a worse financial position than other couturiers.
B. was very angry as he was losing money.
C. was one of the best-know couturiers.
D. stopped producing haute couture dresses.
33. The writer says that the outfit Jean-Louis Scherrer described_____.
A. was worth the price that was paid for it.
B. cost more to make than it should have.
C. was never sold to anyone.
D. should have cost the customer than it did.
34. The writer says in Paragraph 4 that there is disagreement over_____.
A. the history of haute couture.
B. the future of haute couture.
C. the real costs of haute couture.
D. the changes that need to be made in haute couture.
35. What is the writer’s tone toward haute couture business?
A. Somewhat ironical
B. Quite supportive.
C. Fairly friendly.
D. Rather indifferent.
参考答案：31.D、32.A、33.D、34.D、35.A
第二篇
On the Trial of the Honey Badger
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learn a lot more about honey badgers. The team employed a local wildlife expert Kitso Khama to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behavior as discreetly(谨慎地) as possible without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animal’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious(凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.”
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Preciously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey(猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity—or sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns, which had been disrupted, to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.
36. Why did the wild life experts visit the Kalahari Desert?
A. To find where honey badgers live.
B. To catch some honey badgers for food.
C. To observe how honey badgers behave.
D. To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
37. What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A. They are always looking for food.
B. They do not enjoy human company.
C. They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
D. It is common for them to attack people.
38. What did the team find out about honey badgers?
A. There were some creatures they did not eat.
B. They were afraid of poisonous creatures.
C. Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
D. They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
39. Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
A. They don’t run very quickly.
B. They defend their territory from other badgers.
C. They hunt over a very large area.
D. They are more aggressive than females.
40. What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?
A. They became less aggressive towards other creatures.
B. They lost interest in people.
C. They started eating more.
D. Other animals started working with them.
参考答案：36.C、37.C、38.D、39.C、40.B
第三篇
Why So Many Children
In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Women in these countries have a high birth rate – from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman. The majority of these
women are poor, without the food or resources to care for their families. Why do they have so many children? Why don’t they limit the size of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. There are several reasons for this.
One reason is economic. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children do not help a family; instead, they are expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War II, Italy’s economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman, the world’s lowest.
However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate (7.0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth.
Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.
Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.
These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.
41. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_____.
A. can be an advantage.
B. may limit income.
C. isn’t necessary.
D. is expensive.
42. When countries become industrialized, _____.
A. families often become larger.
B. the birth rate generally goes down.
C. women usually decide not have a family.
D. the population generally grows rapidly.
43. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an_____.
A. agricultural country with a high birth rate.
B. agricultural country with a low birth rate.
C. industrialized country with a low birth rate.
D. industrialized country with a high birth rate.
44. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that_____.
A. the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy.
B. factors other than the economy influence birth rate.
C. women who have a high income usually have few children.
D. the birth rate depends on per capita income.
45. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government_____.
A. is not concerned about the status of women.
B. has tried to industrialize the country rapidly.
C. does not allow women to work outside the home.
D. has tried to improve the condition of women.
参考答案：41.A、42.B、43.C、44.B、45.D
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Toads are Arthritis and in Pain
Arthritis(关节炎) is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads (蟾蜍), a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs._______(46)
The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometres._______(47) A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.
The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth._______(48)
A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.
According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night._______(49) But speed and strength come at a price — arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.
In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃)._______(50) These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.
A. Toads are not built to be road runners—— they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.
B. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.
C. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.
D. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.
E. But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.
F. But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory the research found.
参考答案：46.E 47.B 48.C 49.A 50.F
第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Family History
In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted to the __51__ of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by __52__ their own family history. They can try to__53__out more about where their families came from and what they did. This is now a fast-growing hobby, especially in countries__54__a fairly short history, like Australia and the United States.
It is one thing to spend some time __55__ through a book on family history and to __56__ the decision to investigate your own family’s past. It is quite another to__57__out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganised __58__and cause yourself many problems which could have been__58__with a little forward planning.
If your own family stories tell you __60__you are missed with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take__61__ your research. Just treat it as an interesting __62__. A simple system with collecting and storing your information will be adequate to__63__with; a more complex one may only get in your__64__. The most important thing, though, is to get started. Who __65__ what you might find?
51. idea
52. investigating
53. find
54. with
55. going
56. take
57. carry
58. way
59. avoided
60. that
61. over
62. possibility
63. start
64. way
65. knows
