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2015年6月英语四级阅读模拟题02及答案
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A．,B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (长柄平底煎锅) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (荧光检查仪), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 权威意见) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 胆汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach. We don"t need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" ( 圣贤) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.
56. This passage focuses on__________.A． why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipmentB． the digestibility of fried foodsC． how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparationD． why fried foods have long been frowned upon57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because __________.A． they are healthfulB． they are much cheaperC． they can be easily digestedD． they can provide the calories the workers need58. The author implies that the public should__________.A． prepare some foods by fryingB． avoid fried foods if possibleC． fry foods for adults but not for childrenD． prepare all foods by frying59. When the author says that "an "oracle" suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being__________.A． gratefulB． factualC． sarcastic D． humorous60. The passage was probably taken from__________.A． a medical journalB． a publication addressed to the general publicC． a speech at a medical conventionD． an advertisement for cooking oil
Passage Two Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage. In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South ( 发展中国家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization. But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America. In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program"s Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate ( 移居国外的 ) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) fromthese countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge. Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.
61. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?A． The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.C． Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.D． The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?A． Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.B． "Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for short periods.C． The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer.D． The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.63. In the author"s opinion, the developing countries should __________.A． keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduationB． cooperate more effectively with international organizationsC． set up more return programs under the guidance of the UND． send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries64. According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue__________.A． as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domesticallyB． as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structuresC． unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroadD． if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals65. The best title for the passage is__________.A． The Brain Drain of the Developing Countries B． Knowledge Transfer C． The Talents from the Developing CountriesD． The Failure of Development Programs
【参考译文】 很长时间以来，人们都不喜欢油炸食品。然而，长柄平底煎锅基本上是我们厨房里最方便、最有用的厨具。[57]健壮的伐木工人以及其他从事体力劳动的人员，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的热量，他们吃的食物中的有三分之一是用这种煎锅来烹饪的。用煎锅烹制的肉、蛋和法式土司每天都会出现在千百万人家的餐桌上。很明显，困扰这些食用者的不是消化不良的迹象越来越多，而是那些坚持只用烘、烤、煮的方法烹饪的人对他们的折磨。数年前，一位非常著名的生理学家研究了油炸薯条的可消化性。他发现，用平底锅烹制食物时，不用油炸要比油炸的更容易被吸收。汪是，比起蒸煮过的食物，经过油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。并且，当通过荧光检查仪观察胃里食物的消化过程时他还发现，实际上脂肪可加快消化的速度。而现在这些发现都与“权威”说法相悖、营养方面的书籍汗牛充栋，其中油炸食品有害的权威说法随处可见——孩子绝对不能吃任何油炸食物。一些书籍甚至完全禁止使用煎炸这种烹饪方式。时不时还会有某位专家大胆地指出自己进行了亲身试验，但他吃了油炸食物身体却安然无恙的原因在于自己的胃功能强大。当然，我们可以重复阅读这些好文章．直到感觉味同嚼蜡、无聊透顶。但是(油炸)这种含有起酥油的彻底加热的方式，并不像之前人们所定义的那样糟糕。这样的食物不仅不会阻碍胆囊收缩，反而会刺激其收缩。这样，这些胆汁就能在营养物从胃里流出之后迅速与其混合。 [58]我们没有必要让我们的食品浸在油里，但与此相反：油炸食品这个方法被广泛禁止好像也没有什么依据。但是这一观念却根深蒂固。[59]人们最初对油炸食品的非难，可能源自某位“圣贤”，这位前辈偶尔消化不良就认定是吃了菜单上某些油炸食品的结果。于是他的这种论调传播开来。不少人赞同他的观点，后来人们就把这种信条写入教科书了。现在，这种信条是一种传统的定义，而不是经过验证的事实，这种信条早就该被推翻了，因为实践已经证明了它的荒谬。
【答案解析】56．B定位：根据题干信息this passage focuses on可知解答本题需通观全文。解析：整篇文章谈论的主题是油炸食品是否易于消化。第一段提到：人们一直不喜欢油炸食品，因为据说这种食品不好消化，但科学家却发现，经过油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。第二段提到：人们反对油炸食品，说其会引起消化不良，是因为这种说法已经成为传统，但它却并非被证明了的事实，而实践已经证明了它的荒谬。综上所述，这篇文章的主题就是me digestibility of tried foods。故选B。57．D定位：根据题干信息people engaged in active labor可将答案定位到第一段第三句。解析：该句提到：“健壮的伐木工人以及其他从事体力劳动的人员，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的热量，他们吃的食物中约有三分之一是用这种煎锅来烹饪的。”由此可知，从事体力劳动的人员需要吃油炸食物是因为这类食物能提供足够的热量。故选D。58．A定位：根据题干信息implies that the public should可将答案定位到第二段第一句。解析：题干问作者对公众烹饪食品有何建议，作者在第一段提到，据实验证明，油炸食品非但不会导致消化不良，而且还比较容易消化。第二段开头处又提到：“我们没有必要让我们的食品浸在油里，但与此相反，油炸食品这个方法被广泛禁止好像也没有什么依据。”可见，作者的观点是人们是可以食用一些油炸食品的。故选A。59．C定位：根据题干信息an“oracle”suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu可将答案定位到第二段第二句。解析：题干中的引文选自第二段中间处，作者提到：“人们最初对油炸食品的非难，可能源自某位。圣贤’，这位前辈偶尔消化不良就认定是吃了菜单上某些油炸食品的结果。于是他的这种论调传播开来”作者的讽刺语气跃然纸上。加之oracle本身就在引号里，更足以证明其讽刺性。故选C。60．B定位：根据题于信息taken from可知解答本题需通观全文。解析：题干问这篇文章的出处。从文章内容和风格来看，应该是节选自一本大众科普读物，它既不像医学杂志、会议发言文章那样严谨，也不像广告那样以产品为核心。因此正确答案为B项。
Passage Two 【参考译文】 [61]20世纪下半叶，许多发展中国家开始将本国学生送往发达的工业国家深造。这些发展中国家迫切需要受过高级培训的人才来推行基于现代化的发展理念。 但是，学成之后，很多外派留学生都选择留在发达国家。不过，也有很多专业人才回到祖国，但是却感觉不像以前那样自在，最后还是决定回到当初留学的国家。 20世纪60年代，为了解决这一问题，一些拉美国家专门设立了特殊的“海归”项目，以鼓励专业人才回国。这些项目得到了包括国际移民组织在内的一些国际组织的支持，在1974年使l600多名资历合格的科技人员回到拉美国家。 [62]二十世纪八九十年代，发展中国家设立了一系列“短期回国”项目，目的是充分利用受过专业训练且在发达国家身兼要职的留学人才。这使联合国开发计划署推行了“移居侨民知识转移计划”，该计划旨在鼓励技术人员和科学家回祖国短期工作。但是，随着国际市场推出新的知识法律，这些国家的人才流失情况很可能进一步加剧。 最近有研究预测，今后，世界顶级发达国家将需要越来越多高级专业人才，数量大约为其教育体制能够产出数量的两倍，或者说，它们想朝着这个目标发展。[63]因此，发展中国一家迫切需要根据本国缺乏人才的领域外派留学生，从而使其能．够为本国机构出力；而不是盲目鼓励留学深造，一旦在国内没有用之地，这些留学生学成之后可能就不回国了。[64]发展中国家不应单纯依靠体制结构召回外派专业人才；它们必须引进灵活的管理机制，鼓励人才回国。如果它们不这么做，人才流失的现状还将继续。
【答案解析】61．B定位：根据题干信息NOT correct可知解答本题需通观全文，对细节信息一一进行判断。解析：文章第一段提到：“20世纪下半叶，许多发展中国家开始将本国学生送往发达的工业国家深造。这些发展中国家迫切需要受过高级培训的人才来推进基于现代化的发展理念。”选项B却意为“从20世纪20年代起，南美国家就开始向发达国家派遣留学生”，时间以及动作的发出者均不正确，因此本题选B。其他三项在文章的前三段均可以找到依据。62．B定位：根据题干信息NOT one ofthe reasons,losing their brain power可知解答本题需通观全文。解析：第二段提到有很多专业人才回到祖国，但是却感觉不像以前那样自在，最后还是决定回到当初留学的国家，因此A正确；第四段段末提到，随着国际市场推出新的知识法律，发展中国家的人才流失情况很可能进一步加剧，因此C项也正确；最后一段第二句提到，一旦在国内没有用武之地，这些留学生学成之后可能就不回国了，对应D项。这些都是导致发展中国家人才流失的原因。用排除法可知本题答案为B项。该项所提及的“短期回国”项目是发展中国家为吸引人才回国采取的策略，而非人才流失的原因。63．D定位：根据题干信息the author"s opinion可将答案定位到最后一段，只有在该段中作者才给出了自己的观点。解析：作者在最后一段第二句中提到：“因此，发展中国家迫切需要根据本国缺乏人才的领域外派留学生，从而使其能够为本国机构出力；而不是盲目鼓励留学深造，一旦在国内没有用武之地，这些留学生学成之后可能就不回国了。”这与选项D所表达的意思相同。64．D定位：根据题干信息the problem…will continue可将答案定位到最后一段末尾处。解析：文章最后提到：“发展中国家不应单纯依靠体制结构召回外派专业人才；它们必须引进灵活的管理机制，鼓励人才回国。如果它们不这么做，人才流失的现状还将继续。”综合考虑，D项中的make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals与文中表述接近，为if正确答案。65．A定位：根据题干信息best title可知解答苓题需通观全文。解析：四个选项分别为：发展中国家的人才流失、知识转移、来自发展中国家的人才、发展项目的失败。整篇文章的内容都围绕着发展中国家人才流失的问题展开，因此A项是概括文章主旨的最佳选择。
